This is a February 2019 article that went viral around the world. It is from the site Weedkillercrisis.com. My editor does not want a direct link to it, so I produced the article in full below.

New Report Shows Roundup Weedkiller Exposure, Massive Health Problems in Americans

Monsanto’s weedkiller Roundup has been one of the most popular pesticides around the world since the 1970s; in fact, it is the most widely used pesticide ever. Roundup is used heavily in agriculture for many of the most popular crops, and also is used by millions of consumers on their gardens at home.

However, its key ingredient – glyphosate – has been at the center of a firestorm of controversy that is getting more intense by the year. More crops are genetically modified to be tolerant of glyphosate, leading to higher yields for giant agriculture companies. But the chemical has been found to cause a variety of serious health problems, including the deadly cancer Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.

Let’s take a dive into this report now.

Quick Facts

• Manufactured by Monsanto, it was introduced to the market in 1974.
• The EPA classified glyphosate a potential carcinogen in 1985, but the agency later reversed its decision.
• Roundup-Ready soybeans hit the agricultural market in 1996, followed by Roundup Ready corn in 1998.
• Rates of glyphosate observed in humans then skyrockets by 500% in a period between 1993 and 2016.
• 93% of Americans were found to have glyphosate residues in their urine.
• The USDA released a study that found 99% of the food samples tested to have some level of pesticide residue.
• 250 million pounds are sprayed on our crops, lawns, and parks each year in the U.S., with 1.65 billion pounds used each year around the world.
• Glyphosate in the body prevents red blood cells from maintaining healthy levels of vitamin C, which is important not only for immunity but also for blood vessel and heart health.
• “Glyphosate formulations decreased human cell “viability”, disrupting cell membranes. Cell viability was “significantly altered” by the formulations”, says National Toxicology Program.
• World Health Organization’s (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) concluded in 2015 that glyphosate is a “probable carcinogen” in humans.
• The term ‘probable human carcinogen’ means it may cause cancer (Cancer.org)
• 6 IN 10 Adults in the US have a chronic disease; 4 IN 10 Adults have two or more. (CDC.gov)
• Second U.S. Jury Says Monsanto’s Roundup Weedkiller Caused Man’s (Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma) Cancer (Wallstreet Journal)

In an ironic twist, glyphosate has been shown to be toxic to the liver in basic, phase one detoxification processes involving the cytochrome pathways. It is alarming that one of the most toxic chemicals in the world can actually impair human detoxification processes. So, the toxic chemical glyphosate actually makes it more difficult to detox.

Before we explore the myriad of diseases and illness on the rise, let’s look at where and how it’s used.

Glyphosate Use Across the United States

Sourced directly from the United States Geological Survey, this graphic shows the estimated annual agricultural pesticide use for glyphosate for the latest reported year of 2016.

Glyphosate Use by Crop Type

The total amount of glyphosate applied to corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, vegetables and fruit, rice, orchards and grapes, alfalfa, pasture and hay and other crops. Use amounts are measured in millions of pounds. (Source ResearchGate.net)

Health Problems Correlated with Glyphosate Use

Allergies and autoimmune illnesses are becoming so common today that it is easy to forget they could be signals of immunity failure. They may affect the ability of our bodies to optimize health. The higher number of allergies being seen in the human population could be an indicator that harmful substances are invading our bodies. People who suffer from allergies, autoimmune diseases, diabetes and other serious illnesses could be a ‘canary in the coal mine’ for the rest of us.

Let’s take a look at the most recently studied health problems correlated with glyphosate usage around the country.

Used Roundup Weedkiller? Have Cancer?

• See also 9 Types of Cancer Caused by Roundup Weedkiller Exposure

The following associated charts are courtesy of Researchgate.net, a professional network for scientists and researchers.

In This Section

• Alzheimer’s Disease
• Autism Disorder
• Attention Deficit
• Anxiety Disorder
• Breast Cancer
• Celiac Disease
• Crohn’s/Ulcerative Colitis
• Dementia
• Diabetes
• Liver Disease
• Obesity
• Renal/Kidney Disease
• Thyroid Cancer

Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. Over time, people who develop this disease lose most of their memory, cannot concentrate, and can no longer perform the common daily functions of living.

• ALz.org reports that Alzheimer’s disease is the #6 leading cause of death in the US. More than 16 million people in the United States provide free car for people suffering from this type of dementia.
• An estimated 5.7 million Americans have some degree of Alzheimer’s dementia as of 2018. This includes at least 5.5 million people who are 65 or older, and 200,000 people under 65.

The following chart shows the correlation between deaths due to Alzheimer’s disease and glyphosate applications to corn and soy crops. Data discontinuity between 1998 and 1999 has been removed by subtracting a constant from 1999-2010 data points. Discontinuity arises in some data because of the ICD code change from the ninth revision to the tenth (ICD-9, ICD-10). (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Autism Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder or ASD is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder that features deficits in social communication and social interaction. It also presents restricted and repetitive behaviors that make it difficult for the person to interact normally with other people.

• CDC reports that one in 59 children have autism spectrum disorder, and this disease is reported to occur in all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups.
• ASD is four times more common in boys than girls, and studies in Asia, Europe and North America show that approximately 1-2% of the population develops the disorder.
• According to Stephanie Seneff, a Senior Research Scientist at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, said, “At today’s rate, by 2025, one in two children will be autistic.”

The following chart shows the correlation between autism prevalence, from hospital discharge data, and glyphosate applications to corn and soy crops. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

ADHD

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or ADHD is a disorder of the brain that is marked by a regular pattern of inattention and often hyperactivity and impulsivity that can interfere with a child’s development and overall cognitive function.

• According to the CDC, it is estimated as of 2013 that 5% of children in the US have ADHD. But other studies in the US have determined the rates could be higher.
• CDC also notes that the number of children from 4-17 that were ever diagnosed with ADHD increased from 7.8% in 2003 to 9.5% in 2007 to 11% in 2011 and 12.
• Approximately two out of three children with ADHD have at least one other emotional, mental or behavioral disorder.

The following chart shows the correlation between ADHD prevalence and glyphosate applications to corn and soy crops. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Anxiety Disorder

Anxiety is a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease that all humans feel from time to time. But anxiety disorder is a serious medical condition that can cause people to have serious physical and psychological symptoms, including sweating, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, nausea and shortness of breath.

• Anxiety disorders are the most common form of mental illness in the US, according to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America.
• People who suffer from anxiety disorder are at least 3X more likely to go to a doctor and six times more likely to be hospitalized for a mental health disorder.

The following chart shows the correlation between anxiety prevalence and glyphosate applications to corn and soy crops. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer means malignant tumors are forming in the tissue of one or both breasts. Some of the common symptoms of breast cancer is a breast lump, change in the size and shape of the breast, nipple drainage, skin dimples in the breast and red patches on the breast(s).

• Breastcancer.org states one in eight women will develop some form of breast cancer in their lives.
• In 2018, it was estimated there would be 266,100 new cases of invasive breast cancer in the US. There also will be 64,000 cases of non-invasive breast cancer.
• Breast cancer rates have been decreasing since the year 2000, after going up the previous two decades. Rates declined by 7% from 2002 to 2003 alone. One theory is that the decrease was somewhat due to the lower use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).

The following chart shows the Incidence of breast cancer in US hospital discharge data from 1998 to 2010 normalized to counts per 1,000,000 population each year, after subtraction of an exponential model accounting for the decline in the years up to 2006 in the Caucasian subpopulation [see text]. This includes all reports of ICD-9 codes 174 and 175. The red line shows trends in glyphosate usage on corn and soy crops over the same time period. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Celiac Disease

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that can happen to people who are genetically more likely to get the condition. It occurs when ingesting gluten damages the small intestine. It is thought to affect millions of people around the world. When people with this disease eat gluten, the body attacks the small intestine in a strong immune response. Such attacks damage the villi, or tiny, fingerlike projections that line the organ.

• According to a study done by University of Maryland, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Celiac disease is associated with increased risk to non Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• On average in the US, 1 in 133 people have celiac disease.
• Celiac disease affects at least three million Americans.

The following chart shows the correlation between increase in celiac disease (gluten intolerance) and increase in use of the herbicide glyphosate (Roundup ® ) on genetically modified grain (Samsel &Seneff, 2013). (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Crohn’s/Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic disease that causes serious inflammation, including irritation, swelling, and sores on the inside lining of the small intestine. Ulcerative colitis usually begins slowly and can get worse over months and years. Symptoms can vary from mild to severe. Many people have long periods of remission that can last for weeks, months, or years.

• Ulcerative colitis is more prevalent in adults than children, according to IBD.net.
• More people in the Northeast and Midwest get ulcerative colitis than in other parts of the country.
• It is estimated that the total yearly cost of ulcerative colitis is $2.7 billion per year in the US.

The following chart shows the Correlation between inflammatory bowel disease and glyphosate applications to US corn and soy crops. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Dementia

Dementia is a general name for any disorder or disease that causes a major change in memory or cognitive abilities. Dementia is severe enough to damage the person’s daily ability to function, such as drive, shop, eat, dress, work and communicate. The most common type of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease, but there are other forms, such as Parkinson’s Disease dementia, Huntington’s disease and family prion disease.

• The total estimated yearly cost of dementia across the world was $818 billion in 2015, according to Alzheimer’s Disease International.
• If global dementia were a nation, it would be the 18th biggest economy in the world.

The following chart shows the correlation between dementia prevalence and glyphosate applications to corn and soy crops. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Diabetes

Diabetes is a metabolism disorder. Metabolism refers to the way the body digests food for energy and growth. Most foods we eat are broken down into a basic form of sugar called glucose; this is the major fuel source of the body. Insulin is produced by the pancreas to transfer glucose from blood to the cells. With diabetes, cells fail to respond properly to insulin produced by the body.

• Webmd.com finds that 23.6 million people in the US – almost 8% of the population – have diabetes.
• Each year, approximately 1.5 million people in the US 20+ years of age are diagnosed with the disorder.

The following chart shows the correlation between age-adjusted diabetes prevalence and glyphosate applications and percentage of US corn and soy crops that are GE. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease is also called non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, known as NASH. With the rise of the obesity epidemic, it causes scarring and inflammation leading to cirrhosis, cardiac and lung complications, cancer and death.

• The U.S. is spending $5 billion annually in health-care costs related to the disease, which include chemotherapy, transplants, tests and hospitalizations, reports the Center for Disease Analysis.
• The National Institutes of Health estimates as many as 12 percent of U.S. adults have this disease, or 30 million people and growing.

The following chart shows the correlation between age-adjusted liver cancer incidence and glyphosate applications and percentage of US corn and soy crops that are GE. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Obesity

Obesity is one of the most preventable and leading causes of death in the United States. Obesity is a serious chronic disease that can seriously damage health, including heart disease, diabetes, joint problems and more.

• The CDC reports obesity affected 93 million adults in 2015 and 2016.
• The estimated cost of obesity in the US was $147 billion in 2008.
• The medical costs for people with obesity is on average $1429 higher than people who have a normal weight.
• Prevalence of obesity in the US was 35.7% among young adults from 20-39, and 42% among those from 40-59.

The following chart shows the correlation between age-adjusted obesity deaths and glyphosate applications and percentage of US corn and soy crops that are GE. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Renal/Kidney Disease

Kidney failure is also called end-stage renal disease or ESRD. It is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, and it is generally caused by many other serious health problems that have damaged the kidneys over the years. Early stages of kidney disease may not even be noticed by the person.

• According to the National Kidney Foundation, kidney disease causes more deaths than breast cancer or prostate cancer.
• Kidney disease affects 30 million people in the United States, and 90% of those with the disease are unaware they have it.
• Currently, kidney disease is the #9 leading cause of death in the United States and is becoming more common.

The following chart shows the correlation between age-adjusted kidney cancer incidence and glyphosate applications and percentage of US corn and soy crops that are GE. (Source ResearchGate.net)

---

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer develops in the thyroid gland. This gland has a butterfly shape in the front of the neck, under the Adam’s apple. It wraps around the front of the windpipe. This gland is part of the endocrine system and produces and controls important hormones.

• Cancer.net reports that 53,990 adults in the US will be diagnosed with thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer is the #5 most common cause of cancer in women.
• The incidence rates of this type of cancer in men and women grew at a 4% rate a year between 2005 and 2014. It also is the most rapidly increasing type of cancer diagnosis in the US.
• Estimates by Cancer.net says 2060 deaths from thyroid cancer this year. Women are three times more likely to get the disease than men.

The following chart shows the plots of glyphosate usage on corn and soy crops (blue), percent of corn and soy that is genetically engineered to be “Roundup Ready” (red), and incidence of thyroid cancer (yellow bars) in the US. (Figure courtesy of Dr. Nancy Swanson) (Source ResearchGate.net)

Conclusion

Scientific evidence is rapidly growing that indicates glyphosate in the Roundup formulation leads to many serious health problems. Giving that this toxic chemical can cause diseases from cancer to dementia to autism, isn’t it time for more to be done to eliminate the use of glyphosate in agriculture? Where are the alternatives? Why hasn’t the EPA re-classified it as a human carcinogen?

As of this writing, at least 13 countries, including Germany and Belgium, have introduced legislation to limit or ban the use of glyphosate. More countries are considering it. However, in the US, the EPA continues to give the green light to glyphosate and Roundup use. Perhaps as more scientific evidence is revealed about the dangers of this chemical, the tide will turn against Monsanto and Roundup even in the United States, but in the meantime, we’ll have to wait and see.

Monstanto Slammed With $80 Million Verdict in First Federal Roundup Trial

A California jury found unanimously today that Monsanto is liable for failing to provide adequate warnings that its bestselling Roundup weedkiller could cause non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHA) and other cancers. The federal jury awarded a California man more than $80 million, and delivered a devastating blow to Monsanto and its parent company Bayer AG, in the first bellwether trial. (Law360.com)

After only a day of deliberations, the jury of five women and one man determined that Monsanto was liable for a negligence claim, a design defect claim and a failure to warn claim. The jury decided to award Ed Hardeman, 70, $200,967 in economic damages, $5 million in future and past noneconomic damages, and a stunning $75 million in punitive damages. (Ewg.org)

Verdict Marks Conclusion of 30 Day, 2-Part Trial

The huge verdict in favor of the plaintiff Hardeman marks the end of a month-long, two-part federal trial over allegations that decades of Hardeman using Roundup on his Santa Rosa, California property led to his NHA. The first part of the weedkiller trial concluded March 19. The jury decided Roundup was a major factor in causing his cancer. This sent the case into the second phase to determine what the liability and damages would be.

During part two, the jury listened to evidence that from 1980 to 2012, Monsanto had knowledge of five epidemiological studies, seven studies involving animals, three oxidative stress studies and 14 genotoxicity clinical studies that showed a connection between Roundup and cancer. Hardeman’s attorney, Jennifer Ann Moore, stated during closing arguments that despite the overwhelming clinical evidence, Monsanto never provided any warnings to consumers. The company also declined to do its own long term research on the cancer dangers of Roundup.

Monsanto ‘Manipulated the Science’ – Plaintiff’s Attorney

Moore also made accusations against Monsanto executives, saying that they ghost-wrote several white papers in the 1990s and 2000s to allegedly mislead federal officials and regulators and consumers about the safety of Roundup. She requested the jury award punitive damages against the company for ‘manipulating the science’ and the opinion of the public for years. She pointed out that Bayer purchased Monsanto for $63 billion in June 2018, and that the company made a profit of $210 million from sales of Roundup in only one year.

Glyphosate Never Found to Cause Cancer Before – Defense Counsel

In defense of Monsanto, roundup lawsuit attorney Brian Stekloff argued that the active ingredient in the weedkiller, glyphosate, has been studied in incredible detail for decades. Until recently, no regulatory body or health organization ever determined glyphosate could cause any type of cancer, including non-Hodgkins lymphoma.

Defense counsel also stated that to hand out punitive damages, the jury must believe that Monsanto’s executives and other employees committed crimes and lied about the safety of the product. But, Stekloff argued, Monsanto’s employees backed the safety profile of Roundup. They all testified that they use the popular weedkiller at home and do not use any protection.

Stekloff also said that even if Monsanto needed to provide a warning to consumers about risks of cancer, there is no convincing evidence that Hardeman even would have read the label.

But on this day, the jury took the side of the plaintiff and laid a crushing blow on Monsanto.

In response, Bayer has said that it will appeal the verdict. Their press statement noted that Bayer still stands behind Roundup and will continue to mount a strong defense.

Hardeman Case First to Go to Trial

The Santa Rosa man’s roundup cancer lawsuit was the first Roundup case to go to the trial phase, out of hundreds of related lawsuits that still are pending in the Northern District of California over allegations of cancer involving Roundup and Ranger Pro. As of January 2019, almost 700 Roundup product liability cases were consolidated in the court of US District Judge Vince Chhabria.

The next case regarding Roundup that will go to trial is Pilliod v. Monsanto. This trial will begin tomorrow in California state court in Oakland. Another bellwether trial in the federal MDL will begin May 20. But Judge Chhabria stated during a hearing in early 2019 that he will probably pause federal litigation after the verdict for Pilliod comes down. This will allow both parties to consider a settlement.

Hardeman Trial Is Second Huge Verdict Against Monsanto

The Hardeman trial and its $80 million verdict came after a California state jury slammed Monsanto last year with a $289 million verdict. It was later reduced by the judge to $78 million. In that Roundup case, former school groundskeeper Dewayne Johnson claimed he got NHL from spraying at least 150 gallons of Ranger Pro with little safety gear on five school campuses for many years. That verdict is in appeal.

Together, both verdicts at the federal and state levels set a very strong precedent for the thousands of other cases that are pending. There currently are at least 11,000 lawsuits the company is facing, claiming that long term exposure to glyphosate in Roundup and other products caused cancer.

In 2015, WHO’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) stated that glyphosate is probably carcinogenic to humans. But the EPA concluded that the pesticide was probably not dangerous to humans. Nonetheless, the major verdicts against Monsanto and Bayer are going to make a persuasive argument to consumers that the products are dangerous to people, and this could have a major effect on the bottom lines for both companies. (Buzzfeednews.com)

Still, products that are based upon glyphosate are still legal in the US. But several cities and communities across America are taken their own steps to ban the use of Roundup and related pesticides. Also, in 2017, California promulgated a warning about glyphosate, and added it to a list of chemicals known to cause cancer, although this decision was reversed by a state judge later.

References

• Monsanto Hit with $80 Million Verdict in First Federal Roundup Trial. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.law360.com/articles/1143544
• Hardeman Roundup Cancer Damages. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/skbaer/hardeman-roundup-cancer-damages
• Jury Slams Monsanto For Corporate Malfeasance in Roundup Cancer Trial. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.ewg.org/release/second-time-8-months-bayer-monsanto-s-roundup-liable-cancer-lawsuit

10 Best FINTECH Careers and Jobs for the Future

If you are interested in a finance career these days, you probably know about FINTECH, which is defined as the evolving intersection of technology and financial services. These are companies that are able to leverage new technology to create new, better financial services for consumers and businesses. FINTECH can include all sorts of companies that may operate in insurance, payments, asset management and personal finance management.

FINTECH is technology that is used in financial services to help firms to manage various financial aspects of their business, such as new software, applications, processes and business models.

“I think the biggest change is that people are going to receive financial help before they even know it. It’s a combination of big data and artificial intelligence. We’re going to be able to be more intelligent about people’s spending habits, their health, their lifestyles. [We’re] going to get more effective at predicting what they’re going to need for different scenarios of spending and saving – when people are likely to get married, when you are likely to have a baby, etc….” (WIRED Money 2017 speaker Nick Hungerford, CEO of Nutmeg)

FINTECHs are largely start-ups that are in direct competition with traditional financial and banking institutions, and in some respects took them by surprise. Today, FINTECH operates in dozens of countries, and are slowly taken over small chunks of the financial services industry to provide financial products and services that were once only available through large financial institutions.

Featured Online Program

•  Online Masters in Technology Management – Georgetown University
  • No GRE Required – 10 Courses = 30 Credit Hours
  • Led by a faculty of technology professionals at the forefront of the industry, this degree fuses technology with business, communication, and management best practices to transform skilled professionals into forward-thinking leaders and innovators ready for the FINTECH revolution.
  • Ranked #50 Best Value Colleges (Forbes)

FINTECH Technologies

First off let’s understand the technologies behind what powers FINTECH.

Artificial intelligence and new sorts of distributed ledgers, including blockchain, are the most important emerging FINTECH technologies. About 30% of large financial organizations are putting money into AI.

According to ZDNet.com, 60% of C-level executives in a recent survey conducted by Constellation Research said they will be increasing investment in AI in 2018 by 50% than in previous years.

Regarding blockchain, PWC has found that 75% of financial services firms intend to adopt blockchain as part of their in production systems and processes by 2020. But this is the big boys only playing catch up. FINTECH companies have offered AI, blockchain and cryptocurrency solutions to the public for years.

Featured Graphic Chart

The following chart from CBInsights (Global Fintech Report Q1 2018) is a data-driven look at global financial technology investment trends, top deals, active investors, and corporate activity.

Because FINTECH is becoming so popular and part of the financial services industry, there are many tantalizing career options in the field for finance students and professionals to consider.

FINTECH Jobs of the Future

Because the main drivers of FINTECH are AI and blockchain, you’ll see a number of jobs and degree options in these areas:

1. Blockchain Developer

This growth will greatly increase the need for blockchain experts, such as blockchain developers.

According to Hacknoon.com, requests for block chain programming talent are soaring. According to the freelance talent marketplace Upwork, blockchain rose to one of the fastest growing skills ouf of more than 5000, and there was a year over year increase of more than 35,000%.

Interested in becoming a blockchain developer? You should learn these programming skills:

• Hyperledger Fabric: Enterprise blockchain framework that uses modularity and scalability to support changing business rules.
• Ripple: Payment protocol for distributed payments, exchanges and remittances.
• Solidity: Smart contract development on the network Ethereum.

2.  Apps Developer

The FINTECH apps market has seen spectacular growth over the last several years. Global app downloads and consumer spending have been hitting record levels, according to recent reports. The demand for mobile payment solutions and personal finance is only growing, as it is being driven by an appetite from younger generations of tech-savvy consumers.

Millennials also are more likely to use their increased ability to make payments securely on their phones.

Visa has reported more than ⅓ of users made a peer to peer digital payment over a mobile device, and ⅗ have sent money to family with a mobile device.

There will be a stronger need in future years for financial technology app developers to serve this booming market.

3. Financial Analyst

A financial analyst is responsible for managing budgets against incoming income forecasts. Depending upon the size of the firm, you could be an analyst for a single division or the entire company. Financial analysts assemble financial reports and do forecasts of incoming revenue, as well as run business studies. See full financial analyst salary outlook.

Financial analyst jobs in FINTECH are in great demand as startups continue to grow.

These new financial services businesses need financial analysts to manage their revenue, but they also need new graduates to work with clients to analyze the data through the use of whatever startup or tool the company has built.

Demand in this field is only going to grow, as venture capital funding in FINTECH hit $13.6 billion in 2016.

4. Product Manager

Product managers are now regularly needed to handle the oversight of many FINTECH products. For example, a listing on Linkedin.com has an opening for a Senior Product Manager for a well funded blockchain startup that works in the data security space. Product management work dovetails with initiatives in cryptography, encryption, online identity and security.

The product manager will design, architect, and develop a decentralized blockchain network that allows strong data security, strong control of data, easy integration, creation of new profit centers and reduction of cost.

Skills are needed in Agile and Scrum, as well as three years of experience as a technical product manager. See full salary outlook for product manager.

5. Compliance Expert

As the regulatory burden in FINTECH grows, there will be more compliance experts, compliance officers, and compliance analysts working in these financial companies.

In fact, the major area in finance that has seen steady job growth since the financial crisis has been in compliance, legal and risk areas, Reuters says.

The Wall Street Journal has even wrote that compliance officer is one of the hottest jobs in the country. See 5+ best compliance management degree programs.

6. Cybersecurity Analyst

Online thieves and hackers always go where the money is. Financial services will always be a major target. According to research from IBM’s X-Force research team, the financial services industry has been attacked more than any industry since 2016. But the cyberskills security gap is large and growing. See 5+ best Cybersecurity degree programs.

A report by Cybersecurity Ventures recently estimated that cyber crimes will be triple the number of job openings in the next five years. There also will be at least 3.5 million unfilled cybersecurity positions by 2021.

Demand is red hot for these workers in FINTECH.

7. Quantitative Analyst

‘Quants’ are the smart people who write the big, complex financial models. They are the ones behind the data-driving trading technology that large investment banks and hedge funds use to trade securities and analyze risk. As big data continues to rise, quants are becoming more important in FINTECH to devise models that can sort through the massive amount of data and automate them so that trading can be a mostly automatic process. See 5+ best quantitative analysis degree programs.

The Wall Street Journal recently wrote that the quants now run Wall Street. There are so much in demand that their compensation packages can be as high as $500,000 per year.

These math, computing and finance experts are also sought by FINTECH companies; quantum computing is important to develop the algorithms of the future.

8. Culture Champions

Sure, this sounds like a feel good job title, but for FINTECH firms, a positive, innovative and entrepreneurial image is important to success as their employees are the best advertisement for their brand. FINTECHs must ensure all workers are happy and fulfilled.

Keeping talent is so important because hiring the most skilled candidates in the biggest expense of the FINTECH, but also is vital to future development. HR champions and culture evangelists who can build and maintain a diverse workplace will be in great demand.

9. Business Development Manager

Business development managers are very important in FINTECH organizations because they help to generate new income and help many startup companies to grow. Business development managers look for new markets, new business partnerships, and new ways to tap existing markets. See full salary outlook for business development managers.

Business development managers also:

• Generate new leads and call on cold prospects to sell FINTECH services
• Develop new opportunities in new target markets with marketing support
• Nurture and develop business relationships with new FINTECH accounts
• Provide specific advice on the FINTECH product or service you are selling

10. Data Specialist

Deloitte recently highlighted the important strategic role of data in a report with the World Economic Forum about trends affecting the financial services industry. Innovation that emerges will allow financial companies to have access to new sets of data, including social data, and allow new ways to understand markets and customers. See 5+ best data analytics degree programs.

As clients are more empowered by the Internet and digital technologies, clients are becoming more proactive and want new financial services companies to give them more individual services tailored to their needs. So, there will be a need for data scientists, chief data officers, financial data analysts and data analytics managersneeded to sift through information that can provide more insights into their markets.

Suggested FINTECH Job Skills

If you want to position yourself to be recruited for a lucrative FINTECH job, below are the most popular technology skills searched for by recruiters in the eFinancialCareers CV database:

• Java: This programming language is nearly always in job descriptions for investment bankers. It is the programming language that causes headaches for recruiters because there is a shortage of talent. Banks want Java workers to work on order management systems, low latency training programs and more. JP Morgan, Goldman Sachs and UBS all want Java programmers.
• Business/Finance analyst: Higher demand suggests that banks are thinking in a strategic way about implementing new IT projects. Banks are hiring process change specialists who understand how to do overhauls of back office products and also compliance reporting.
• C#: The big buzz phrase is ‘building risk weighted asset tools.’ In the risk and analytics team, and possibly partnering with offshore developers C# programmers who can assist banks to devise tools to calculate RWAs are in high demand.
• Murex: Most jobs that want this knowledge are less about a specialist in the language and more focused on having familiarity with it in a broader list of technical skills. Many consultancies want Murex as an important skill on their strategy teams. Quants also are wanted with this knowledge so they can integrate analytics with Murex.
• Python: This is a red hot skill for developers in the financial sector. Major banks such as JP Morgan and Bank of America Merril Lynch are employing thousands of developers cranking out Python code. It is becoming a mainstream language for many software products. The trend these days is to bring in Python developers for new interest rate derivatives platforms.

Who’s Hiring: Current Open FINTECH Jobs

So who is hiring in FINTECH? The question is more like, who is NOT hiring? A brief review of open FINTECH jobs listed on Indeed.com reveal companies hiring for these positions:

• Bank of America – SAS/SQL Analytics and Reporting Analyst
• TradePMR – Help Desk Engineer
• ETFLogic – Fintech Quantitative Developer
• OppLoans – PostgreSQL DBA
• Frog – Senior Strategist Financial Services
• Perpay – Data Analyst
• Wachsman – Strategy Analyst/Associate
• Correlation One – Business Development Associate
• Passport – Associate Product Manager
• Acorns – Finance and Strategy Analyst
• Figure – Associate Product Manager
• Shogun – Associate Product Manager
• Finicity – Junior Developer
• Liberty Lending – Entry Level Finance
• E*Trade Financial – Visual Designer
• Bank of America – BP, Customer Loyalty and Engagement
• Unison Home Ownership Investors – Treasury Manager
• TradePMP – Help Desk Engineer
• Fintch/Insurtech Space – Senior UI Architect
• Coinbase – Senior Financial Analyst
• CITI – Engineering Manager FINTECH
• CITI – FinTech Product Manager

FINTECH is a rapidly growing space that most students and professionals will want to learn more about in the future, as so many high-paying jobs are going to be in this sector.

References

• Top Five Desirable Skills in Fintech Now. (2017). Retrieved from https://news.efinancialcareers.com/lu-en/202418/top-five-desirable-skills-fintech-now
• The Five Best Paying Jobs in Fintech. (2016). Retrieved from https://www.icas.com/ca-today-news/the-five-best-paying-jobs-in-fintech
• What Is Fintech? (2018). Retrieved from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/what-is-fintech_us_58a20d80e4b0cd37efcfebaa
• Top Jobs Fintech 2018. (2018). Retrieved from https://social.hays.com/2017/12/19/top-jobs-fintech-2018/
• Redrawing the Lines on Fintechs Growing Influence on Financial Services. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.pwc.in/assets/pdfs/consulting/financial-services/fintech/redrawing-the-lines-fintechs-growing-influence-on-financial-services.pdf
• Become a Blockchain Developer and Get Rich. (2017). Retrieved from https://hackernoon.com/become-a-blockchain-developer-and-get-rich-74712f1dd310

9 Best Blockchain Careers and Jobs to Get for 2019

2018 was a mixed year for blockchain technologies. The star of the show, cryptocurrency, saw a huge decline in value, with crypto’s total market capitalization shedding more than three-quarters of its value over the course of the year. Add to that uncertainty over legal and regulatory hurdles to blockchain adoption, and you could be forgiven for thinking 2018 was a bad year for the technology.

If it was supposed to be a bad year, someone forgot to tell blockchain hiring managers and recruiters, as hiring sites saw huge surges in openings for blockchain- and crypto-related jobs. Glassdoor saw a 300 percent jump between August 2017 and August 2018.

So for those eager to start or advance a career in blockchain, you don’t need to worry that the moment has passed you by. Whether you’re an engineer, designer or developer or you fill a business-related role, there’s no doubt you should consider a career in blockchain in 2019 if the promise of this emerging technology is something you find exciting.

Blockchain Industry at a Glance

2018 was tough for cryptocurrencies’ value, but a look at the broader data reveals a more complex story. Let’s take a closer look:

Total value

• 79% decline in market cap in 2018
• The story is even worse when you take Bitcoin out of the mix, as non-Bitcoin cryptocurrencies shed almost 90 of their total value.

Barriers to adoption

What’s keeping companies from using blockchain technologies? According to a PwC Global survey, the top concerns are:

• Regulatory uncertainty: 48%
• Low trust among users: 45%
• Inability to bring network together: 44%

A big bright spot

• Despite those concerns, companies are still investing in blockchain, which leads to more jobs.
  • 300%
• Increase in blockchain job listings on Glassdoor between August 2017 and August 2018
  • $84,884
• Median blockchain salary, far higher than the national median wage for all jobs

Despite a bumpy 2018, 2019 looks to be a banner year for jobs in blockchain, and here are nine of the best jobs to consider, which companies and industries are hiring and what salary levels you could expect to see when you hit the job market.

Blockchain Technologies You’ll Need to Know

While each job and company are unique, several technologies and skill sets are common across all hands-on technology roles at blockchain companies, and even if you’re not typing code all day, it’s helpful to understand the basics of the underlying technology. Here’s a look at some of what you’ll likely need to know:

Tools & languages

• C++
• C#
• Java
• JavaScript/JavaScript ES6
• JSON
• Python
• Simplicity
• Solidity
• Serpent
• Ruby
• GO
• Rust
• js
• HyperLedger Fabric
• SQL
• NoSQL

Broad skills & traits

• Creative thinking: As a constantly evolving technology, the way you apply blockchain on your first day at work likely will change over time, so you need to be creative enough to imagine how the code you’re working on might be used 10 years from now.
• Passion: Ask the average person to explain blockchain and chances are you’ll get blank stares, but if you’re going to work in blockchain, even in non-technical roles, you need to love the underlying technology and know how to translate it for a general audience.
• Humility: Remember you’re working on an emerging technology in a company or department that’s potentially unstable. If you approach your job as if you’re the king of everything, you could be in for a rude awakening if regulations or laws change.

Top 9 Blockchain Careers & Jobs for 2019

As we already mentioned, just because you’re not a hot-shot engineer or developer doesn’t mean you can’t get in on the blockchain job boom, as some of these jobs prove.

1. Software Engineer

Any company investing in blockchain needs software engineers, making this job by far the most in-demand among all companies hiring. Specific duties will vary according to the industry and how developed the company’s existing technology is, but experience in ledger technologies like Solidity and HyperLedger Fabric, as well as database, programming, cloud and other languages will be required.

Most companies are seeking individuals with at least undergraduate degrees in computer science, computer engineering or other engineering degrees, especially for high-paying senior roles.

Popular industries include currencies, of course, but also smart contracts, regulatory technology, banking and others.

Salary range

• $90,000-$145,000

Who’s hiring

• Chronicled (San Francisco), Axuall (Cleveland), Blockstack (New York)

2. Technology Architect

A role that requires technical expertise but also a strong dose of the human touch, blockchain technology architects are responsible for end-to-end implementation of blockchain solutions. Technology architects participate in broad discussions on what and how technologies will be implemented and often serve as the company’s representative to customers.

Knowledge of and experience in the programming languages needed to produce blockchain applications are needed, and computer science degrees are generally required for senior roles.

Popular industries include cloud and web services, cryptocurrency and business services.

Salary range

• $100,000-$160,000

Who’s hiring

• Amazon/AWS (Seattle and Los Angeles), Bank of America (Charlotte, North Carolina), State of Colorado (Denver)

3. Product Manager

These individuals lead all aspects of design and development of blockchain applications across multiple teams, ensuring products are delivered on time and in budget. Hands-on programming experience is generally not required, but knowledge of languages and programs used is helpful. Experience with project timelines and budgets isrequired.

Required education varies widely depending on the specific products developed at each company, but generally, successful candidates will have at least bachelor’s degrees a technology- or management-related field.

Industries include advertising and media, cryptocurrency and banking.

Salary range

• $85,000-$130,000

Who’s hiring

• Mediaocean (New York), JP Morgan Chase (New York), Cynet Corp. (Springdale, Arkansas)

4. Risk Analyst

Ensuring compliance with local, state and federal regulations, a blockchain risk analyst’s daily job will vary depending on the industry and how developed their employer’s technology is, but they could be aiding in programming and development, conducting data analysis or maintaining documentation on products and technologies.

The required education will depend entirely on the specifics of the job, but risk analysts interested in careers in blockchain should have a strong grasp on the technology and specific programming languages used to build blockchain applications.

Most risk analyst jobs in blockchain will be in finance- and government-related industries.

Salary range

• $85,000-$105,000

Who’s hiring

• Veem (Ottawa), Bank of America (Jacksonville, Florida), Electric Power Research Institute (Knoxville, Tennessee)

Analyst Relations Manager

Primarily a media communications role, an analyst relations manager at a blockchain company helps position the company and its technology the company’s broad industry and the market at large. This person is responsible for ensuring that analysts within the industry are aware of their employer’s technology and consider it a viable and positive option for their own companies or clients.

Successful candidates will have experience and education in media, communications, PR or journalism as well as a deep understanding of blockchain, related technologies and issues within the industry.

Industries hiring analyst relations managers are ones where good PR is necessary for continued adoption of technology, such as government, banking and consumer technology.

Salary range

• $50,000-$125,000

Who’s hiring

• IBM (New York), Accenture (Atlanta, Chicago, Washington, D.C.), R3 (San Francisco)

Front End Engineer

As the person who creates whatever it is the end user sees, a front end engineer puts the best possible face (and functionality) on a blockchain company’s customer platform. Programming experience is mandatory, and interface/UX/UI skills are a must. Specific programming languages will vary depending on the employer and its platform, but generally, blockchain front end engineers will need to be masters of ledger technologies and programming languages like JavaScript, Angular and Redux as well as HTML and CSS.

Educational requirements vary, but generally, degrees in computer science are helpful, though self-taught computer scientists with work experience in web and computer design and programming will be strong candidates.

Popular industries include currencies, lending and banking and healthcare.

Salary range

• $70,000-$125,000

Who’s hiring

• Gem (Los Angeles), Binance (Austin, Texas), Ford Motor Co. (Dearborn, Michigan)

Legal Counsel

In an industry filled with legal and regulatory confusion, privacy issues and consumer protection statutes, as well as potential conflicts over intellectual property used to develop code and algorithms, lawyers are in huge demand in the blockchain industry. Blockchain lawyers don’t need to be programming experts, but they need to have or develop a deep understanding of the underlying technology and development processes so they can better protect their employers from legal trouble. Experience in mergers and finance law is helpful, too, as blockchain businesses are often targets for purchases by larger companies.

Successful candidates will need a law degree and license to practice, and most companies will heavily weight applicants with blockchain experience or years working for startups.

As regulatory and consumer privacy issues are central to any blockchain company, you likely can find employment in any field within blockchain.

Salary range

• $100,000-$190,000

Who’s hiring

• Consensys (New York), BitGo (Palo Alto, California), Figure (San Francisco)

Business Analyst

Using data science and business analytics tools, business analysts in blockchain measure effectiveness and efficiency of deployed products and recommend updates and improvements. These individuals also monitor and examine market trends to recommend the best positioning of the company and potential new products. Deep knowledge of data analysis tools and programming languages, such as Python, is necessary.

Particularly for senior roles, degrees in data or computer science will be needed, and experience with programming languages related to blockchain is helpful.

Most openings for business analysts in blockchain are likely to be in consumer-facing products, as those markets shift quickly.

Salary range

• $80,000-$105,000

Who’s hiring

• IBM (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), NuArca (Wodburn, Massachusetts), Bittrex (Washington, D.C.)

Cryptocurrency Community Manager

A key part of marketing and customer support, blockchain community managers maintain and develop their employers’ presence on social media, forums and other internet outlets as well as developing content appropriate to answer customers’ frequent questions. They also are responsible for reporting engagement statistics across all channels.While they won’t be in charge of programming their employers’ blockchain applications, they need a well of understanding about the product and underlying technology.

A marketing or PR degree likely won’t be necessary, but successful applicants won’t be entry-level individuals, as blockchain companies, which are likely to be startups, don’t have deep benches for these roles, so you’ll need to hit the ground running.

Consumer-facing industries, like banking, frequently hire in these roles, as do blockchain recruitment agencies.

Salary range

• $35,000-$95,000

Who’s hiring

• Dolare (South Bend, Indiana), Zeus Protocol (San Francisco), Crowdcreate (Los Angeles)

* Information on job openings, responsibilities, salaries and companies gathered from Indeed and Glassdoor in early January 2019

Conclusion

Despite a rocky 2018 in cryptocurrencies, the blockchain is alive and well, judging by investment in human capital.

In addition to the 300 percent increase seen on Glassdoor, freelance marketplace Upwork reported midway through last year that blockchain was the most sought-after skill by employers. Plus, blockchain companies are scoring major influxes of cash from venture capitalists, with blockchain and crypto startups boosting their VC investments by 280 percent in 2018.

Whether your skill set is in cracking out code or putting the company’s best foot forward, if you have a passion for blockchain and cryptocurrencies, there’s likely a company hiring near you now, and that trend is likely to continue through 2019.

Resources

• Global Charts. (2018). Retrieved from https://coinmarketcap.com/charts/
• Blockchain is here. What’s your next move? (2018). Retrieved from https://www.pwc.com/gx/en/issues/blockchain/blockchain-in-business.html
• The Rise of Bitcoin & Blockchain: A Growing Demand for Talent. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.glassdoor.com/research/rise-in-bitcoin-jobs/
• Upwork releases Q1 2018 Skills Index, ranking the 20 fastest-growing skills for freelancers. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.upwork.com/press/2018/05/01/q1-2018-skills-index/
• VC Investment in Blockchain Startups Is Up 280% So Far This Year. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.coindesk.com/vc-investment-in-blockchain-startups-is-up-280-so-far-this-year

https://www.businessstudent.com/careers/best-blockchain-careers-jobs-for-the-future/

My rates generally fall between .04 and .06 per word, depending upon the type of work, research involved, and volume. Volume discounts available.

Kindly contact me at jmpickett at gmail dot com, or call (210) 865-0742.

Highest Paying Finance Careers

The following article provides information about the most important aspects of a finance career. You will learn what finance professionals do, where they are employed, job duties, how to become one, popular career choices, and more.

What We Do

Over the last several decades, the financial services sector of the economy has increased from 2.5% to 8.5% of national GDP. Today, financial professionals or financial managers are responsible for handling the financial health of organizations and individuals. Finance professionals focus largely on the production of financial reports, directing critical investment activities and devising effective, innovative strategies to enhance the long term financial health of an organization.

The role of the financial professional in the modern business world is evolving as advances in technology have greatly reduced the time that is required to generate financial data reports. Many financial professionals today in management are now doing more rigorous financial data analysis, as they offer senior level managers more specialized advice on how to increase profits and reduce waste.

Job Duties

Most finance professionals do some or all of the following:

• Prepare complex financial documents, personal financial statements, business activity statements, and financial forecasts
• Monitor critical financial details to make sure that all legal and regulatory requirements are followed
• Oversee employees who are responsible for financial budgeting and reporting
• Review financial reports for companies and look for ways to cut costs
• Perform market trend analyses to increase profits and to look for ways businesses can expand
• Assist management and individuals to make important financial investment decisions

There are many types of finance managers today; the type that you will be often depends upon your career goals and the size and scope of the organization.

Common types of financial managers include chief financial officers, controllers, credit managers, cash managers, risk managers, treasurers, and insurance managers.

Where We Work

Financial professionals can work in many types of business environments. For financial managers, we most commonly work in these areas below:

• Finance and insurance companies: 29%
• Management of companies and enterprises: 12%
• Professional and technical services: 11%
• Manufacturing: 8%
• Government: 8%

Financial professionals will not always be working just in New York, Chicago and Los Angeles today, either. According to Forbes magazine, there are many cities across America today that are adding more financial sector jobs than some of the biggest US cities.

While New York City will always be a major finance capital of the globe, other cities with a lower cost of living and higher economic growth are attracting more finance and finance related firms. In fact, since 2007, financial sector employment in New York City actually declined by at least 5%.

Some of the top cities in America seeing rapid growth in finance jobs are:

• Richmond, Virginia
• Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
• Fort Worth, Texas
• San Antonio, Texas
• Jacksonville, Florida
• Dallas, Texas
• Northern Virginia
• Louis, Missouri

How to Become

To work in the finance sector, you will need to have at least a bachelor’s degree in finance or business. To become a finance or financial manager, you will need to have several years of business experience in a financial, business or accounting related field.

To enjoy more opportunities in finance, it is recommended that you get your MBA in finance or accounting. Or, you can earn a Master of Science in Finance or Accounting.

• Accounting Certificate vs Degree
• Accounting Degree Programs
• Financial Management Degree
• Corporate Finance Degree
• Business Finance Degree

Employment/Salaries

Employment in the financial sector generally is going to increase by 8% by 2024, which is about as fast as average when weighed against other fields. In total, the finance field will add approximately 632,000 new jobs in the time period.

It seems that a more robust regulatory environment is driving demand for more finance professionals, accountants and auditors. Also, the economy is generally growing faster in the US. This is causing a business expansion which leads to more companies starting, and the growth of existing companies. These trends lead to more finance professionals being hired.

The median wage for all finance professionals in 2015 was $65,710. Finance professionals in some areas will earn a higher salary, especially if they have a graduate education.

Career Paths

There are many different career paths for professionals who want a finance career. Consider these popular finance career options:

• Financial analyst: You will offer financial and business advice to companies that must make vital investment decisions. Financial analysts need to properly assess the overall performance of bonds, stocks and many other investments. A financial analyst can work either as a sell side or a buy side analyst. Sell side analysts provide advice to financial sales staff, while buy side analysts provides investment strategies for companies that need to invest.
• Financial examiner: Ensure full regulatory and legal compliance involving financial institutions and any financial transactions that occur. You will handle the review of balance sheets, evaluate loan risk and assess how effectively banks are managing their assets. These finance professionals usually work in risk scoping or in consumer compliance.
• Financial manager: They answer for the overall financial health of a company. The are largely active in managing the production of financial reports, providing effective investment advice, and forming new strategies to enhance the financial health of a company. Financial managers must do specific tasks that are in their given industry or organization. Government financial managers need to be highly skilled in budgeting and government appropriations, for example.
• Personal financial advisor: Offer advice to individuals on investments, mortgages, insurance, college savings plans, planning on retirement, and overall help in managing finances. You will need to be current and knowledgeable on stocks, bonds and real estate investments, and also insurance and tax laws.

Education Requirements

Most finance professionals earn a bachelor’s degree in business, finance or accounting. It is strongly advised to have courses in finance, mathematics, investments, estate planning and risk management.

To work at a mid or senior level finance position, you should plan to earn your master’s degree in finance or accounting. Or, you can earn your master of business administration with a concentration in finance or accounting. Earning an MBA will provide you with a more rounded business management education. This may be beneficial if you want to work more generally in business management with a good knowledge of finance.

But if you want to work exclusively in finance, a master’s in finance would probably be ideal.

Specializations

There are several types of finance that you should understand so that you can make the best career choice. The major areas of the business finance field are listed below. Which type of finance professional you want to be hinges upon in which of these areas you want to work the most:

• Corporate finance: Refers to the actions that a company undertakes when it makes finance decisions. Specific areas of corporate finance where you can work are budgeting, managing capital, financial analysis, and development of financial statements.
• Investments: Companies and individuals invest in various financial investments, and need financial professionals to advise them.
• Financial institutions and markets: Stock and bond markets, money and capital markets, as well as the primary and secondary markets.

Training and Certifications

There are many certifications that you can earn in the field of finance. Which you may want to earn depends upon the area of finance in which you work:

• Chartered Financial Analyst or CFA: This is one of the most popular certifications in finance; you will have expertise in investment banking and analysis, economics, management of portfolios, and financial ethics. A good choice for financial analysts, bank managers, financial consultants.
• Financial Risk Manager or FRM: Risk management today is critical in finance as the US government is watching much more closely that finance and lending companies are engaging in ethical and smart business practices. A great choice for financial advisors, financial analysts, credit managers, and fund managers.
• Certified Financial Planner or CFP: A highly popular choice for financial advisors and planners. Provides you with expertise in retirement, estate and insurance planning. This certification mandates that you have a bachelor’s degree, complete three years of related work experience, pass a certification examination, and you must also adhere to a strict code of ethics. Covers financial planning processes, risk management, taxes and retirement, and debt management.
• Financial Modeling Certification: Useful for a financial professional to be able to expertly construct effective models to represent financial accounts and investment analyses. Financial modeling is very useful to deliver accurate investment and business forecasts for companies. Excellent certification for investment bankers, financial managers and financial advisors.
• Certified Credit Professional or CCP: Granted by the Credit Institute of Canada that ensure that credit management professionals have exemplary levels of training. Very important credential for any finance professional who is working in credit management.

References

• Business and Financial. (2015, Dec. 17). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and-financial/home.htm
• Financial Managers. (2015, Dec. 17). Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/ooh/management/financial-managers.htm#tab-3
• Kotkin, J. The Cities That Are Stealing Finance Jobs from Wall Street. (2013, May 31). Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/joelkotkin/2013/05/31/the-cities-taking-finance-jobs-from-wall-street/#4244d8145297

SEO stands for search engine optimization. SEO copywriting is essential for those who want to be highly ranked in major search engines for certain keyword phrases. What effective SEO copywriting does is:

• Locate keywords that you want your company to rank for
• Write detail-rich, unique content about the subject containing those keywords
• Over time, rank at the top of major search results for that keyword or keyword phrase